What type of testing utilizes the reflection of ultrasonic waves to identify flaws?

The method that utilizes the reflection of ultrasonic waves to identify flaws is known as reflection testing, often referred to as pulse-echo testing. In this technique, ultrasonic waves are transmitted into a material, where they travel through the medium and encounter boundaries, such as flaws (cracks, voids, inclusions) or the back wall of the material. When these waves reach a boundary or a flaw, they reflect back to the transducer.

The key feature of pulse-echo testing is that it measures the time taken for the ultrasonic waves to return after reflection, allowing technicians to detect and characterize any flaws present. This method is particularly effective in determining the size, depth, and location of defects within the material without causing any damage.

This technique contrasts with transmission testing, which involves sending ultrasonic waves through a material to a receiver on the opposite side to determine characteristics or flaw detection based on attenuation rather than reflection. Inspection testing is a broader term that could include various types of tests, including visual and nondestructive methods, but it does not specifically refer to the ultrasonic wave reflection method. Surface testing generally deals with flaws or discontinuities present on or near the surface of a material, often using different techniques like magnetic particle testing or liquid penetrant testing, and